Thunchaththu Ramanujan
Ezhuthachan was an Indian poet from around the 16th century (c. 1495-1575 AD
according to historian Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer). He is known as "the
father of the Malayalam language" — the principal language of the Indian
state of Kerala. He was born at Trikkantiyur, at the town of Tirur, in
Vettathunadu.His individual name is Ramanujan. Thunchaththu is his “family
name”, and Ezhuthachan (schoolmaster) is an honorific title or the last name
indicating his caste. His name is transliterated in several ways, including
Thunchath Ezhuthachan, Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan, Thunchaththu Ezhuthachchan and
Thunjath Ezhuthachan.
Until his time, the Malayalam
language had been developing along two different lines without a degree of
uniformity of style. The writings of Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan became a
confluence of the two channels of linguistic currents. He borrowed from
Indo-Aryan Sanskrit its rich lexicography but with a difference: the mainstay
of his style in writing verses rested on the indigenous Dravidian Tamil school.
In his time, Vattezhuttu, the
abugida writing system originally used to write Tamil, was generally used to
write Malayalam. However, Ezhuthachan wrote his Malayalam poems in Arya-ezhuttu
(Malayalam script), a Grantha-based script originally used to write Sanskrit,
so that he could accurately transliterate Sanskrit words into Malayalam. His
works became unprecedentedly popular in Kerala, which in turn popularized the
Malayalam script adopted by him.
Adhyatma Ramayana (Devanāgarī: अध्यात्म रामायण, literally "Spiritual Ramayana") is
an ancient Sanskrit work extolling the spiritual virtues of the story of
Ramayana. It comprises around 4200 double verses embedded in the latter portion
of Brahmānda Purana and is traditionally believed to be authored by Vyasa.
Taking the form of a dialogue between Shiva and Parvati, it contains the ideal
characteristics of Lord Rama and the precepts related to devotion, knowledge,
dispassion, adoration and good conduct. It is also considered a treatise of
Vedantic philosophy. It is supposed to
have inspired several later versions of the Ramayana story in languages like
Awadhi (Ramcharitmanas by Tulsidas), Oriya, Bengali and Malayalam.
Note: This is the Malayalam version of Ramayana.
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